The candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr designed and built by canadian nuclear laboratories since the 1950s. Reactor design to meet future energy markets, canadian nuclear society bulletin, vol. But i havent heard of it being a particular problem with the candu. Candu fundamentals ii 3 radioactivity spontaneous nuclear processes 19. Therefore, the case programs estimated source term of the decommissioning waste from a candu reactor has a high degree of reliability. The company said thursday that a chinese expert panel has. Sartrex fully satisfies these requirements with the aid of its quality assurance. If you want to convert a html file to pdf, if you use a webpage or rely on database publishing there is a way to turn even complex html into pdf. During the 60s, canada continued to build its candu reactors within its borders and started to supply reactors abroad by building the cirus canadianindian reactor, u. Nuclear reactor types many different reactor systems have been proposed and some of these have been developed to prototype and commercial scale. The heat transport system hts circulates the coolant through the reactor to remove the heat of fission from the fuel. The basic parts of a nuclear reactor are the core, a moderator, control rods, a coolant, and shielding. Source term characterization program for the decommissioning.
In this concept, the proportion of u235 is increased from its natural concentration of. Nov 23, 2015 the new candu reactor will have a 700 megawatt capacity and will take approximately eight years to build, while the chinese reactor will have a 1,000 megawatt capacity and runs on enriched uranium. Magnox, agr, pwr, bwr, candu and rbmk have emerged as the designs used to produce commercial electricity around the world. Profiling the potential for hydrogen fuel, aecl publication available for download in pdf format 506 kb. Candu 6 reactor assembly description date picture taken published date organization. An automatic source term characterization program was developed, and the structure, logic, and function of the program are explained in detail. The company said thursday that a chinese expert panel has given a. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in canada, and is currently used in nuclear power plants for electrical generation in various countries around the world. With no heavy reactor pressure vessel and the possibility of modular construction the erection time of a candu reactor can be shorter than that of some other reactor systems. The heated heavy water passes into a utube steam generator similar to the type used in pwrs. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a canduphw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10.
Candu6 reactor cores are composed of n c 380 horizontal fuel channels located in pressure tubes and filled with n b 12 fuel bundles. The basic operation of the candu design is similar to other nuclear reactors. Nov 06, 2014 candu energy says its new nuclear technology, which is able to use spent fuel from other reactors, has cleared a hurdle in china. Up to this pointwe looked at details ofthe reactor regulating system. With no heavy reactor pressure vessel and the possibility of modular construction the erection time of a candu reactor can be shorter than. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavy water reactor. The candu 6 design as implemented at sites in canada has been chosen as the reference because it is the most widely deployed candu design worldwide. Basic instrumentation and control course pdf 851kb, 125 pages. Candu reactor article about candu reactor by the free. The candu reactor was designed by atomic energy canada limited as an alternative to other reactor designs which use slightly enriched uranium 25% u235. Candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr that uses heavy water deuterium oxide d2o as a moderator and coolant, and natural uranium as its fuel. Point lepreau was the first candu 6 reactor to be licensed for operation, the first to achieve criticality and first to begin commercial operation. The optimum power output of a candu reactor for a given number of channels is obtained when the reactivity of approximately half of the fuel channels, located in the center of the reactor, is deliberately lowered so that the flux and therefore the power is constant across the socalled inner zone of the core.
The heavywater coolant circulating in the pressure tube has different. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The canadian supercritical watercooled reactor scwr design is the result of the fusion of a candu reactor and a boiling water reactor bwr 1. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first type to be developed and is by far the most widely used. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf. The history and current state of canadas candu nuclear reactor. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water.
The pdfreactor software license agreement can be found here. Atomic energy of canada limited aecl developed the candu reactor technology starting in the 1950s. Jun 17, 2019 as for natural uranium, it will undergo fission. Fission reactions in the reactor core heat pressurized water in a primary cooling loop. The gentilly2 candu 6 reactor is owned and operated by hydro. Reactor assembly the candu 6 reactor assembly, shown in the figure opposite, includes the fuel channels contained in and supported by a horizontal cylindrical tank known as the calandria. Figure 7 diagrammatic cross section of a typical phwr candu. Candu reactor spacetime kinetic modeling for load following. While this was not strictly a candu type reactor, it is in fact based off of the nrx reactor, it is nonetheless a heavy water reactor. It enables those new to candu to learn about candu as an overall system and to pursue specialized topics in depth. The reactor model is then implemented within a simulation platform of candu6 reactor regulating system rrs, in matlabsimulink. With pdfreactor you count on a powerful html to pdf converter software.
The candu reactor core is a horizontal cylinder known as a calandria. The candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr using heavy water. The candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr using heavy water deuterium as both a moderator and coolant. Three dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on the candu moderator test facility mtf. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactor s neutron moderator, a unique. The candu fuel contains pellets of uranium dioxide with natural uranium 0. A pressurised heavy water reactor is a nuclear power reactor that uses unenriched natural uranium as nuclear fuel and heavy water as moderator and as primary coolant. Introduction overall design ofa candu reactor, itis. Heat generation is modelled through both surface heating. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium. The candu allows more local input in nations that do not have the capability to cast a pressure vessel.
The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download id. Candu, short for canada deuterium uranium, is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant and natural uranium as a fuel source. The calandria is closed and supported by end shields at each end. There have been two major types of candu reactors, the original design of around 500 mwe that was intended to be.
It is owned and operated by new brunswick power nb power and supplies approximately 30% of the provinces electricity. This was initiated by unene, administered by candu owners group cog and funded by all candu utilities in canada and offshore with prof. Contrary to rrs, the shutdown systems are not active. Kuran vp, advanced fuel candu reactor workshop on advanced reactors, neaoecd paris, france, april 2017. Candu reactor core simulations using fully coupled dragon and.
Nondimensionalized simulink representation of the reactor kinetic modeling is established. Figure 11 illustrates how candu reactors produce electricity. A tsunamitripped power outage and backup generator failures cut off pumps that basted cooling water over the japanese reactor cores, causing at least three of them to commence a. Click on the title of each part below to view or download it. Advanced technologies for candu reactors pdf free download. Analysis of control rod drop accidents for the canadian scwr using coupled 3dimensional neutron kinetics and thermal hydraulics. Argentina to build new candu reactor canadian manufacturing. You wouldnt download a nuclear reactor, but could you. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
Risks of the candu reactor design introduction the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor of canadian design. Behavior of the reactor during a load following transient has been simulated using the developed reactor modeling module. All canadian nuclear reactors are of the candu type but the. Im skeptical about the claim that heavy water is toxic. This is eventually a problem with all classes of nuclear reactor. The optimum power output of a candu reactor for a given number of channels is obtained when the reactivity of approximately half of the fuel channels, located in the center of the reactor, is deliberately. Candu canada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. The wide range of functions exceed most converter tools and bring your pdf converting to the next level. This study is based on the 675 mwe candu reactor operated. The candu reactor has a modular core, made up of fuel channels. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a candu phw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10.
The development of the first candu reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between atomic energy of canada ltd. Candu fundamentals is designed as an introductory course in the operation of a candu reactor. Candu fuel cycle advantages operational reactors nue candu reactor inherent safety features new build reactors afcr future with water coolant. Candu stands for canadian deuterium uranium reactor playing on the north american boast of capability, can do. Download pdfreactor convert html to pdf, html to pdf.
The four candu 6 units have each achieved high reliability figures, even after years of operation. Each fission liberates 23 neutrons for a net increase of 12 neutrons per fission. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactors neutron moderator, a unique trait of the candu. Candu energy says its new nuclear technology, which is able to use spent fuel from other reactors, has cleared a hurdle in china. The candu reactor has a modular core, made up of fuel.
Grohnde, a 60 mwe german reactor which first billion kwh of electricity, more than any other reactor. Candu fuel cycle advantages operational reactors nue candu reactor inherent safety features new build reactors afcr future with water coolant dr. Hopwood, the next generation of candu technologies. Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor. The higher neutron fluxes of the fast breeder make it a special problem there, and it will be even worse for a fusion plant.
The higher neutron fluxes of the fast breeder make it a special problem there, and it will be even worse for a. Each fuel channel contains 12 or small fuel bundles, each of which is 50 cm long and 10 cm in diameter, and weighs about 24 kg. Candu reactors are pressurized heavy watermoderated reactors, often 7 8 chapter 2 nuclear reactor designs steam generator. The new candu reactor will have a 700 megawatt capacity and will take approximately eight years to build, while the chinese reactor will have a 1,000 megawatt capacity and runs on. As part of our effort to reduce candu reactor capital costs and construction schedules, leadingedge computer technology is being used to develop the candu integrated design candid system. Each end shield comprises an inner and an outer tubesheet joined by lattice tubes at. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant. Look up the candu reactor design, which is another approach to a nuclear reactor, which uses natural uranium u238, with heavy water for a moderator. The quality standard that atomic energy of canada ltd. Convert html to pdf, html to pdf converter pdfreactor.
Six types of reactor magnox, agr, pwr, bwr, candu and rbmk have emerged as the designs used to produce commercial electricity around the world. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf divided by the total number of hours hrs from the time of first synchronization to that time, multiplied by 100. Candu heavy water reactors use natural uranium, of which 0. This system is designed to support all projectrelated activities, including project management, engineering, material management and procurement, and. Having been developed to use natural uranium in conve niently small fuel bundles, the candu reactor. In orderto better understand the overall design ofa candu reactor, itis necessary to discuss the two shutdown systems. A heat exchanger, also known as a steam generator, transfers the heat to a secondary cooling loop, which powers a steam turbine with an electric generator attached to it for a typical rankine thermodynamic cycle. The heavy water is kept under pressure in order to raise its boiling point, allowing it to be heated to higher temperatures and thereby carry more heat out of the reactor core. In a candu reactor, heavy water flows over fuel rods and extracts heat. Ruan, overheads for a course presented at xian jiaotong university, 19980922 to 25 candu zone control unit. Nondimensionalized simulink representation of the reactor. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in. Look up the candu reactor design, which is another approach to a nuclear reactor, which uses natural uranium u238, with heavy water for a. Pdf performance of pressure tubes in candu reactors.