Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. The islamic revolution that occurred in iran in 1979 has often been identi. Background to the revolution shah reza pahlevi, returning to iran after a weeklong exile due to the failled mohamed mossadegh coup detat. Demonstrations against the shah commenced in october 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance, and intensified in january 1978. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of.
These groups, which included clergy, landowners, intellectuals, and merchants, had previously come together in the constitutional revolution of 190511. Foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution this article is to explain the policies that have been undertaken by government of iran in foreign affairs since islamic revolution 1979. A major cause of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 was the concern by islamic leaders that traditional values was being undermined by western ideas. Pdf merge combinejoin pdf files online for free soda pdf. As iran exported its shiite revolution, sunni arabs resisted. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i. Islamic revolution 1979 latest news, breaking stories and. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. In 1991 they were merged with the conventional police in a new organisation. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left.
It must be stated that the iranian revolution of 1979 ushered in an islamic theocracy after the collapse of the shah of iran. Key points for the first two to three decades after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranianled axis of resistance was little more than rhetoric, ascribing greater unity of effort to an. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Ayatollah khomeini, the father of the revolution, viewed the worlds super powers as the source of world corruption. How did the revolution impact the neighboring countries around iran. In contrast, niall fergusons oped in newsweek, why 1979 was the year that truly changed the world, 29.
The formation of the council of the islamic revolution january 12, 1979 246 the fortieth day after ashurajanuary 15, 1979 249 declaration upon arrival at tehranfebruary 1, 1979 252 address at bihisht i zahrafebruary 1, 1979 254 martial law is contrary to the sharia february 11, 1979 261. An official in donald trumps cabinet and at least one of his advisers gave paid speeches for organizations linked to an iranian exile group that killed americans before the 1979 islamic revolution. Khamenei was one of the founders of the islamic republican party, which dominated the majlis the national legislature after the 1979 revolution. The iranian revolution, which began in 1979 after years of climax, was an uprising against the shahs autocratic rule resulting in much religious and political change. Stanford journal of international relations the second.
During this era, iran experienced a harsh economic downturn, urban. This case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of. The iranian revolution is the only modern revolution which was deliberately and coherently fomented by a revolutionary movement consisting of different social classes united under the leadership of a senior shia cleric ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. It resulted in peace in iran and a better government. Politics before modernization persia iran world war ii western invasions oil economic turmoil dissatisfaction with the regime during fomenting the revolution shah extremely secular,westernized the poor were more religious shah abused his power increased divergence between. Foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution soltani. The islamic republican party of iran in the factory. Iranian revolution the outcome of the iranian revolution was a positive one for iran. Islamic revolution of 1979 before and after by emma. Iranian revolution 1979 and persepolis by daniela rojas on prezi. Nato had artificially bolstered the monarch of mohammad reza shah, now known as the last shah king of iran. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution researchgate. Depiction of islamic revolution of 1979 in marjane satrapis persepolis 3 the pahlavi dynasty was established after the overthrow of ahmad shah qajar in a military coup. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s.
Consists of countries such as israel, iran, iraq, saudi arabia. What are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. S supported the shah for some time he even came to america for treatment in 1979 when he was suffering from cancer later died on july 1980 hostage crisis this article was about the shah which was mohammed reza pahlade who. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern iran. The islamic revolution of iran was welcomed in the western world and especially among the intelligentsiya as a great event, one of irony, after the tyranny of the shah. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979.
By overthrowing the monarch shah, revising the presiding political worldview and ideology and introducing huge changes to iranian society and foreign policy, the islamic revolution of 1979 altered the course of the countrys history. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. The revolution transformed iran from a monarchy to an islamic republic. Following mossadegh and the cias first coup, in 1979 iran experienced what was known as the islamic revolution. The iranian revolution of 1979 was a political revolution designed to overthrow the corrupt regime of reza shah, but more importantly it was an insurrection that revolutionized the previously held notion of a revolution. January 1979 saw the ussupported shah forced to leave the country after widespread demonstrations and strikes. May 15, 2016 following mossadegh and the cias first coup, in 1979 iran experienced what was known as the islamic revolution. By roger cohen tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. The iranian revolution of 1978 1979 violently e nded the monarchy of shah mohammed reza pahlavi 19191980 and replaced it with an islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah.
He also served several times as general secretary of the islamic republic party. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution. On balance, the iranian revolution of 1979 was more about introducing new ideas into the religiopolitical lexicon of muslims than it was about asserting iranian independence and sovereignty, mahan abedin wrote january 3, 2007, in asia times. The iranian revolution is a thorough history of the iranian revolution. Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 1979 2009 by. To deal with this, on february 12, the committees of the islamic revolution. Many single years are filled with insignificant people and events that do not have great effects on global or domestic relations.
The islamic republic of iran was proclaimed in 1979 after followers of the ayatollah khomeini drove the u. Much persecution had ended and their ideologies, religious, and cultural traditions were preserved. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the revolutionary guard, and representative on the supreme council of defense. The 1979 islamic revolution brought a radical, theocratic regime to power in iran. Holy warriors of the islamic revolution was an umbrella political organization in iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which.
Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. Many organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the iranian revolution. They believes that a lot of part of westerns way of life is considered a sin according to their religion, and the yeel that they should stop it with their own hands hope this helps. Upload your pdf files, choose the order and download your merged pdf. The iranian revolution put an end to the rule of the shah mohammed reza pahlevi, who had alienated powerful religious and political forces with a programme of modernisation and westernisation. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia.
Before the revolution western and secular influences on iranian society before the revolution. From october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. This article discusses how may day posters, released by the islamic. Pdf this article is to explain the policies that have been undertaken by government of iran in foreign affairs since islamic revolution 1979 find, read and cite. Democrats, secularists, marxists, islamic socialists, socialists, and other forces, all believed that they would vie for power and that they could sideline khomeinists and the conservative shia clergy. Doctor of philosophy history in the university of michigan. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. Iranian revolution explained year 11 modern history.
Dabashi affirm that the iranian revolution of 1979 in iran was a pictorial revolution. Merge pdf files combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. Nevertheless, iran found itself severely isolated on the international scene and unable to effectively pursue its goal of preeminence in the persian gulf. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. The islamic revolution of 1979 and irans green movement of 2009 by name withheld political science, university of pittsburgh, 2011 submitted to the university honors college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of philosophy university of pittsburgh 2011.
Select multiple pdf files and merge them in seconds. Economic decline and revolutionary turmoil in the 1970s even though the peak of the revolution was in 1979, key preliminary events occurred throughout the mid 1970s. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks. The iranian revolution past, present and future content. Socialists, or mgws, which was to briefly merge with the secular iran. Economic decline and revolutionary turmoil in the 1970s even though the peak of the revolution was in 1979, key preliminary. So, hashemi rafsanjani applied pragmatic policy and attempted to combine. The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and modernization of iran, and set up a traditional government and society based upon the koran. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. Ayatollah khomeini returns from being exiled in france. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan.
Gabriel, class analysis of the iranian revolution of 1979, are useful. It was formed by order of ayatollah khomeini on february 4, 1979, while. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization wikipedia. Get an answer for what are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counter revolution. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society. What are some of the main ideas and cause and affect of the revolution. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries.
Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine two or more documents into a single pdf file for free. History of persepolis and the islamic revolution persepolis is an autobiographical comic by marjane satrapi about her early life in iran during the islamic revolution. Sep 25, 2011 the iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of irans monarchy and its replacement with an islamic republic. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. The 1979 revolution, which brought together iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in irans long history. One similarity in the leadership of kemal ataturk, gamal nasser, and shah reza pahlavi is that all these leaders. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran.
Nov 25, 2019 from october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. Americas hate rooted in 1979 islamic revolution alwaght prominent american linguist, philosopher, and social critic avram noam chomsky says hatred towards iran is a deepseated part of modern. The downfall of americaniranian relations in the broad scope of history, one year is merely a vapor. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath. The iranian revolution is also known as the islamic revolution of iran or the 1979 revolution. The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. Two artciles, one by moojan momen, the religious background of the 1979 revolution in iran, and another by satya j. The leadership of the islamic republic has avoided repeating. The latterprovides a global perspective, although he gives due weight to the islamic revolution. The iranian revolution of 1979, also dubbed the islamic revolution by some.
Constitution of the islamic republic of iran, 1979. Student presentation by dylan smith in year 11 20 on. Although principles underlined in constitution of iran have been followed by islamic republic of iran. Summary of 1979 islamic revolution for dummies the iranian. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization persian. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. Islamic revolution committees or committees of islamic revolution simply known as the.
In this con text, he labeled the united states the great satan, irans number one enemy, while americas ally, israel, was the little satan. Founded as one of organizations of the iranian revolution in 1979, it was eventually merged. Following the 1979 islamic revolution, the islamic republic of iran remained a member of the united nations and except for three core instruments, i. Preamble the introductory phrases of the iranian constitution outline the role. Geopolitical designation of the area stretching from the eastern mediterranean sea to the western side of the indian subcontinent. Culture before the revolution shah following the revolution november 4, 1979 1980 september american embassy occupied august. Did the 1979 islamic revolution of iran achieve its goal. Shah muhammad reza pahlavi made efforts to remove islamic values and create a secular rule and westernize iran through his white revolution. To this end, the media should be used as a forum for the healthy encounter of different ideas. Civil resistance is a political action that relies on the use of nonviolent methods by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.
Jun 18, 2019 the revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle. Browse the independent s complete collection of articles and commentary on islamic revolution 1979. Middleclass iranians, leftist university students, and islamist supporters of ayatollah khomeini united to demand the overthrow of shah mohammad reza pahlavi. All the latest breaking news on islamic revolution 1979. The title, persepolis, refers to the ancient capital of the persian empire. Iran celebrated the 40th anniversary of its islamic revolution. Culture after the revolution ruhollah khomeini removes all western influences enforce islamic regulations strict rules for women reverse your thinking. Islamic revolution in iran that would alter this country forever. The 1979 islamic revolution in iran was a reaction to the failure of shah reza pahlavi to meet the social and political needs of the people shah reza pahlavi westernized and modernized iran.